An enclosing or separating membrane that acts as a selectively permeable barrier within living things, establishing the outer boundaries (plasma membranes) of cells and their inner compartments (organelles). Biological membranes are made of three major components: lipids, proteins and sugars. The major structural component of biological membranes is the phospholipid bilayer.
Refers to a medication event monitoring system that is used to assess drug adherence, by recording each time it is opened to obtain a drug product.
This term is often used in substance use disorders to describe a situation where more drug is needed to achieve the same effect due to a pharmacokinetic change associated with chronic or repeated drug use. It is often due to an increase in drug elimination resulting from increased drug biotransformation.
In pharmacology, this term refers to the process of biotransformation, usually by enzymes, where one chemical species is converted to another. A parent compound is metabolized to a metabolite. The metabolite is the by-product of the reaction and may be less, more, or equal in activity (therapeutic or adverse) to the parent compound.
The product of a biotransformation reaction, often used to refer to the resulting chemical or chemicals produced from an administered drug or prodrug.